PUBLICATIONS

Advanced Hybrid Mechanistic and AI/ML Modeling for Biology, Medicine, Ecology, and Public Health

We develop mathematically grounded, physics-informed, and data-adaptive modeling systems that connect mechanistic insight with machine learning for forecasting, intervention design, individualized medicine, and scientific discovery.

Total unique references: 139

Core modeling / mathematical / statistical / AI-computational references: 35

Updated: May 30, 2026

Document Structure

Section A: Selected merged list of modeling, mathematical, statistical, AI/ML, and computational publications.

Section B: Subject-area categories.

Category: Cross-listed References:

1. Hybrid Mechanistic, Mathematical, Statistical, AI/ML, and Computational Modeling

2. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, Systems Medicine, and Immune Dynamics

3. Medical AI, Clinical Decision Support, Diagnostics, and Human Medicine

4. Public Health, Epidemiology, Infectious Disease, and Intervention Studies

5. Veterinary Parasitology, Zoonoses, and One Health

6. Tick Biology, Acarology, Vector Ecology, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens

7. Amphibian Disease Ecology, Ecotoxicology, Agrochemicals, and Host-Parasite Interactions

8. Marine Conservation, Sea Turtles, Coastal Ecology, and Fisheries

9. Ecology, Evolution, Invasion Biology, Biodiversity, and Wildlife Conservation

10. Environmental Pollution, Microplastics, Water Quality, and Environmental Health

11. Fisheries, Plankton, Ballast Water, and Aquatic Biosecurity

12. Molecular Ecology, Genetics, Genomics, and Population Structure

13. Submitted, Preprint, Accepted, and Book-Chapter Items

Section A. Selected Merged Modeling, Mathematical, Statistical, AI/ML, and Computational Publications

1. Ahmed, A,.. Rajakaruna, H., et al. (2026) A framework integrating multiscale in silico modeling and experimental data predicts CAR-NK cell cytotoxicity across target cell types, PNAS, DOI:10.1073/pnas.2500319123 https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2500319123

2. Amugo, I.,., et al. Rajakaruna, H., et al. (2026) An Exploratory Evaluation of GPT-5 in Periodontitis Staging and Grading Using Published Clinical Cases, Research Square, DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8742868/v1 https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09112

3. Thanigaivelan, K.,.. Rajakaruna, H., et al. (2026-Accepted) Advancing Cancer Immunotherapy in Solid Cancers: Strategies for Improving Health Outcomes (2026). Health Disparities in Cancer: Biology and Beyond, Springer-Nature Press -Book Chapter.

4. Rajakaruna, H., et al. (2025) Accurate Measles Rash Detection via Vision Transformer Fine-Tuning, arXiv, DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2005.09112 https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09112

5. Sakunthala, L., Rajakaruna, R.S., Ellepola, G., and Pathirana, N.U.K. (2025) Environmental and human drivers of cercarial emergence in freshwater snails of the Maha Oya River, Sri Lanka. Journal of Parasitic Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-025-01884-2

6. Wang, Q.,. Rajakaruna, H., et al. (2025) Evaluating GPT-5 for Melanoma Detection Using Dermoscopic Images. Diagnostics 15.23 (2025): 3052. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15233052 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12691432/

7. Farris, T.,, Rajakaruna, H., et al. (2024) Loss of Mitochondrial Tusc2/Fus1 Triggers a Brain Pro-Inflammatory Microenvironment and Early Spatial Memory Impairment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25.13 (2024): 7406. DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137406 https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/13/7406

8. Jayatilaka, P.S., Wijerathna, H.S.U., Fernando, A.D.S. Ginarathne, K.H.M., Naullage, N.G.R.K., Silva, S.N.S., Thananjayan, K., Amarasiri, L.K.H.R.T., Jayasundara, N.P.K., Mallawa, M.R.C.K., Dangolla, A. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2024) Canine vector-borne diseases: island-wide survey of working dogs of the Sri Lanka Air Force, free-roaming, and privately-owned dogs. Scientific Reports14:23355 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71148-1

9. Rajakaruna, H., Desai, M., and Das, J., (2023). PASCAR: a multiscale framework to explore the design space of constitutive and inducible CAR T cells. Life Science Alliance. DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302171 https://www.life-science-alliance.org/content/6/10/e202302171/tab-article-info

10. Omta, A.W., Heiny, E.A., Rajakaruna, H., Talmy, D. and Follows, M.J., (2022). Trophic model closure influences ecosystem response to enrichment. Ecological Modelling, 475, p.110183. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380022002812

11. Rajakaruna, H., and Ganusov, V.V., (2022). Mathematical modeling to guide experimental design: CD8+ T cell clustering as a case study, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology DOI: 10.1007/s11538-022-01063-x https://trebuchet.public.springernature.app/get_content/cf01f5fb-d947-4ae6-b326-ad400268137c

12. Rajakaruna, H., Omta, A.W., Carr, E. and Talmy, D., (2022). Linear scaling between microbial predator and prey densities in the global ocean. Environmental Microbiology. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380022002812

13. Rajakaruna, H., O’Connor, J.H., Cockburn, I.A. and Ganusov, V.V., (2022). Liver Environment–Imposed Constraints Diversify Movement Strategies of Liver-Localized CD8 T Cells. The Journal of Immunology, 208(5), pp.1292-1304. https://www.jimmunol.org/content/early/2022/02/07/jimmunol.2100842

14. Rajakaruna, M., Rajakaruna, H. and Rajakaruna, R., (2022). Dynamical regulations on mobility and vaccinations for controlling COVID-19 spread. Scientific Reports, 12(1), pp.1-11. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-07371-5

15. Casas-Monroy, O., Rajakaruna, H. and S.A., Bailey (2020) Improving estimation of phytoplankton abundance and distribution in ballast water discharges, Journal of Applied Phycology. 32, 1185–1199. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-019-02034-x https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10811-019-02034-x

16. Dangolla, A., Wijesundara, D.L.R., Blair, D., Fernando, D.D., Wijesundera, K.K., Chathuranga, W.G.D. de Silva W.A.P.P. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2020) Canine trypanosomosis in Sri Lanka: An emerging problem reported from three distinct geographic locations. Parasitology International. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint. 2020.102129.

17. Jayatilaka, P.S., Pinnagoda, P.P.H., Gunawardena, P.E., Ginarathne, K.M.H., Silva, I.D., Wijeyawardena, N., Mallawa, M.R.C.K., Karunaratne, T.M.K., Dangolla, A and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2019) Emergence of a thrombocytopenic disorder in a group of working dogs of Sri Lanka Air Force. Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal 65:13-15.

18. Kydd, J., Rajakaruna, H., Briski, E., and S.A. Bailey (2018) Examination of a high resolution laser optical plankton counter and FlowCAM® for measuring plankton concentration and size, Journal of Sea Research –Special Issue on Ballast water. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385110116302131

19. Rajakaruna H., and M. Lewis (2018) Do periodic temperature fluctuations reduce species richness? Insights from calanoid copepods, Journal of Theoretical Ecology 11(1): 39–53 http://www.math.ualberta.ca/~mlewis/Publications%202017/Rajakaruna_Lewis_Theoretical%20Ecology.pdf

20. Rajakaruna, H., VandenByllaardt, J., Kydd J., and S.A Bailey (2018) Modeling distribution of colonial (clustering) species to improve estimates of plankton density, Journal of Sea Research–Special Issue on Ballast water. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Modeling-the-distribution-of-colonial-species-to-of-Rajakaruna-VandenByllaardt/d1a742651ae6b6d716d2573178d24db534dc2aed

21. Ratnayake, Y. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2018) Cocktail effect of Profenophos and Abamectin on tadpoles of Asian Common Toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus). Ceylon Journal of Science 47: 185-194. DOI: 10.4038/cjs.v47i2.7515

22. Bailey, S.A., and Rajakaruna, H. (2017) Optimizing methods to estimate zooplankton concentration based on generalized patterns of patchiness inside ballast tanks and ballast water discharges, Journal of Ecology and Evolution 7(22):9689-9698. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29188000/

23. Rajakaruna, H. and M. Lewis (2017) Temperature cycles affect colonization potential of calanoid copepods. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 419: 77–89. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28188733/

24. Rajakaruna, H., Drake, D.A.R., Chan, F, and S.A Bailey (2016) Optimizing performance of non-parametric species richness estimators under constrained sampling. Journal of Ecology and Evolution, 6: 7311–7322. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28725399/

25. Briski, E., Gollasch, S., David, M., Linley, R. D., Casas-Monroy, O., Rajakaruna, H. and S.A., Bailey (2015). Combining ballast water exchange and treatment to maximize prevention of species introductions to freshwater ecosystems. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(16): 9566-9573. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26171811/

26. Ekanayake, E.M.L., Kapurusinghe, T. Saman M.M., Samaraweera P., Ranawana, K.B. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2013). Paternity of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) clutches laid at Kosgoda, Sri Lanka. Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 8:27-36.

27. Kandasamy, G., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2013) Gastro-intestinal and blood parasites of a free grazing flock of sheep in Kaithady farm in the Jaffna district. Journal of the National Science Foundation. 41:195-201.

28. Patopov, A., and Rajakaruna, H. (2013) Allee threshold and stochasticity in biological invasions: Colonization time at low propagule pressure, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 337: 1-14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23938234/

29. Rajakaruna, H., A. Patopov, and M. Lewis (2013) Impact of stochasticity in immigration and reintroductions on invading and extirpating populations, Journal of Theoretical Population Biology, 85: 38–48. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28188733/

30. Rajakaruna, H., C. Strasser, and M. Lewis (2012) Identifying non-invasible habitats for marine copepods using temperature-dependent R0, Biological Invasions, 14:633-647. https://www.proquest.com/docview/927008896

31. Rajakaruna, R.S. and Warnakulasooriya, K.N. (2011) Gastrointestinal parasites in dairy cattle in Kandy district Sri Lanka. Annual Research Journal SLSAJ. 11:92-99.

32. Rajakaruna, H., Y. Chen, and P. Snelgrove (2005) Is Retrospective Error a “True” Error? The Mathematical Basis of Adaptive Framework for Virtual Population Analysis, Math. Phys. Fish. Sci., 3: 36–64. http://jsmpfs.org/MPFS-EN/mpfs003-en.htm

33. Rajakaruna, M. Dissanayake, S., Rajakaruna R.S, et al. Rajakaruna, H. (submitted to RSOS) A Policy-Grade Hybrid Mechanistic--Machine Learning Model Reveals Regional Spatial Pressure Dominates Dengue Transmission in the Colombo Municipal Council, Sri Lanka.

34. Rajakaruna, M., Perera, V., et al. and Rajakaruna R.S, (submitted to NTD) Environmental drivers and forecasting of canine anaplasmosis in Sri Lanka: A machine learning approach with lagged climate variables.

35. Rajakaruna, M., and Rajakaruna, H, (submitted to PR-E) Material Causality Governs Collective Rupture: Loading Protocol Determines Universality Class in Stochastic Bond Failure -Application to Genes

Section B. subject area categories

1. Hybrid Mechanistic, Mathematical, Statistical, AI/ML, and Computational Modeling

4. Rajakaruna, H., et al. (2025) Accurate Measles Rash Detection via Vision Transformer Fine-Tuning, arXiv, DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2005.09112 https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09112

9. Talmy, D., Rajakaruna, H., et al. (2024) Killing the predator: impacts of highest-predator mortality on the global- ocean ecosystem structure. Biogeosciences 21.10 (2024): 2493-2507. https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/2493/2024/bg-21-2493-2024.html

10. Rajakaruna, H., Desai, M., and Das, J., (2023). PASCAR: a multiscale framework to explore the design space of constitutive and inducible CAR T cells. Life Science Alliance. DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302171 https://www.life-science-alliance.org/content/6/10/e202302171/tab-article-info

11. Omta, A.W., Heiny, E.A., Rajakaruna, H., Talmy, D. and Follows, M.J., (2022). Trophic model closure influences ecosystem response to enrichment. Ecological Modelling, 475, p.110183. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380022002812

12. Rajakaruna, H., and Ganusov, V.V., (2022). Mathematical modeling to guide experimental design: CD8+ T cell clustering as a case study, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology DOI: 10.1007/s11538-022-01063-x https://trebuchet.public.springernature.app/get_content/cf01f5fb-d947-4ae6-b326-ad400268137c

13. Rajakaruna, H., Omta, A.W., Carr, E. and Talmy, D., (2022). Linear scaling between microbial predator and prey densities in the global ocean. Environmental Microbiology. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380022002812

14. Rajakaruna, H., O’Connor, J.H., Cockburn, I.A. and Ganusov, V.V., (2022). Liver Environment–Imposed Constraints Diversify Movement Strategies of Liver-Localized CD8 T Cells. The Journal of Immunology, 208(5), pp.1292-1304. https://www.jimmunol.org/content/early/2022/02/07/jimmunol.2100842

15. Rajakaruna, M., Rajakaruna, H. and Rajakaruna, R., (2022). Dynamical regulations on mobility and vaccinations for controlling COVID-19 spread. Scientific Reports, 12(1), pp.1-11. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-07371-5

16. Casas-Monroy, O., Rajakaruna, H. and S.A., Bailey (2020) Improving estimation of phytoplankton abundance and distribution in ballast water discharges, Journal of Applied Phycology. 32, 1185–1199. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-019-02034-x https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10811-019-02034-x

17. Dangolla, A., Wijesundara, D.L.R., Blair, D., Fernando, D.D., Wijesundera, K.K., Chathuranga, W.G.D. de Silva W.A.P.P. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2020) Canine trypanosomosis in Sri Lanka: An emerging problem reported from three distinct geographic locations. Parasitology International. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint. 2020.102129.

18. Jayatilaka, P.S., Pinnagoda, P.P.H., Gunawardena, P.E., Ginarathne, K.M.H., Silva, I.D., Wijeyawardena, N., Mallawa, M.R.C.K., Karunaratne, T.M.K., Dangolla, A and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2019) Emergence of a thrombocytopenic disorder in a group of working dogs of Sri Lanka Air Force. Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal 65:13-15.

19. Kydd, J., Rajakaruna, H., Briski, E., and S.A. Bailey (2018) Examination of a high resolution laser optical plankton counter and FlowCAM® for measuring plankton concentration and size, Journal of Sea Research –Special Issue on Ballast water. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385110116302131

20. Rajakaruna H., and M. Lewis (2018) Do periodic temperature fluctuations reduce species richness? Insights from calanoid copepods, Journal of Theoretical Ecology 11(1): 39–53 http://www.math.ualberta.ca/~mlewis/Publications%202017/Rajakaruna_Lewis_Theoretical%20Ecology.pdf

21. Rajakaruna, H., VandenByllaardt, J., Kydd J., and S.A Bailey (2018) Modeling distribution of colonial (clustering) species to improve estimates of plankton density, Journal of Sea Research–Special Issue on Ballast water. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Modeling-the-distribution-of-colonial-species-to-of-Rajakaruna-VandenByllaardt/d1a742651ae6b6d716d2573178d24db534dc2aed

22. Ratnayake, Y. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2018) Cocktail effect of Profenophos and Abamectin on tadpoles of Asian Common Toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus). Ceylon Journal of Science 47: 185-194. DOI: 10.4038/cjs.v47i2.7515

23. Bailey, S.A., and H. Rajakaruna (2017) Optimizing methods to estimate zooplankton concentration based on generalized patterns of patchiness inside ballast tanks and ballast water discharges, Journal of Ecology and Evolution 7(22):9689-9698. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29188000/

24. Rajakaruna, H. and M. Lewis (2017) Temperature cycles affect colonization potential of calanoid copepods. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 419: 77–89. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28188733/

25. Rajakaruna, H., Drake, D.A.R., Chan, F, and S.A Bailey (2016) Optimizing performance of non-parametric species richness estimators under constrained sampling. Journal of Ecology and Evolution, 6: 7311–7322. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28725399/

26. Briski, E., Gollasch, S., David, M., Linley, R. D., Casas-Monroy, O., Rajakaruna, H. and S.A., Bailey (2015). Combining ballast water exchange and treatment to maximize prevention of species introductions to freshwater ecosystems. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(16): 9566-9573. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26171811/

27. Ekanayake, E.M.L., Kapurusinghe, T. Saman M.M., Samaraweera P., Ranawana, K.B. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2013). Paternity of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) clutches laid at Kosgoda, Sri Lanka. Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 8:27-36.

28. Kandasamy, G., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2013) Gastro-intestinal and blood parasites of a free grazing flock of sheep in Kaithady farm in the Jaffna district. Journal of the National Science Foundation. 41:195-201.

29. Patopov, A., and H. Rajakaruna (2013) Allee threshold and stochasticity in biological invasions: Colonization time at low propagule pressure, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 337: 1-14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23938234/

30. Rajakaruna, H., A. Patopov, and M. Lewis (2013) Impact of stochasticity in immigration and reintroductions on invading and extirpating populations, Journal of Theoretical Population Biology, 85: 38–48. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28188733/

31. Rajakaruna, H., C. Strasser, and M. Lewis (2012) Identifying non-invasible habitats for marine copepods using temperature-dependent R0, Biological Invasions, 14:633-647. https://www.proquest.com/docview/927008896

32. Rajakaruna, R.S. and Warnakulasooriya, K.N. (2011) Gastrointestinal parasites in dairy cattle in Kandy district Sri Lanka. Annual Research Journal SLSAJ. 11:92-99.

33. Rajakaruna, H., Y. Chen, and P. Snelgrove (2005) Is Retrospective Error a “True” Error? The Mathematical Basis of Adaptive Framework for Virtual Population Analysis, Math. Phys. Fish. Sci., 3: 36–64. http://jsmpfs.org/MPFS-EN/mpfs003-en.htm

34. Rajakaruna, M., Dissanayake, S., Rajakaruna R.S, and Rajakaruna, H (submitted to RSOS) A Policy-Grade Hybrid Mechanistic--Machine Learning Model Reveals Regional Spatial Pressure Dominates Dengue Transmission in the Colombo Municipal Council, Sri Lanka.

35. Rajakaruna, M., Perera, V., et al., et al. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (submitted to NTD) Environmental drivers and forecasting of canine anaplasmosis in Sri Lanka: A machine learning approach with lagged climate variables.

36. Rajakaruna, M., and Rajakaruna, H (submitted to PR-E) Material Causality Governs Collective Rupture: Loading Protocol Determines Universality Class in Stochastic Bond Failure -Application to Genes

2. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, Systems Medicine, and Immune Dynamics

2. Thanigaivelan, K.,.. Rajakaruna, H., et al. (2026-Accepted) Advancing Cancer Immunotherapy in Solid Cancers: Strategies for Improving Health Outcomes (2026). Health Disparities in Cancer: Biology and Beyond, Springer-Nature Press -Book Chapter.

3. Uzhachenko, R.V.,.. Rajakaruna, H., et al. (2025) CD8+ T–NK cell crosstalk establishes pre-emptive immunosurveillance to eliminate antigen–escape tumors. Frontiers in Immunology 16 (2025): 1593913. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41058706/

4. Farris, T.,, Rajakaruna, H., et al. (2024) Loss of Mitochondrial Tusc2/Fus1 Triggers a Brain Pro-Inflammatory Microenvironment and Early Spatial Memory Impairment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25.13 (2024): 7406. DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137406 https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/13/7406

5. Rajakaruna, H., Desai, M., and Das, J., (2023). PASCAR: a multiscale framework to explore the design space of constitutive and inducible CAR T cells. Life Science Alliance. DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302171 https://www.life-science-alliance.org/content/6/10/e202302171/tab-article-info

6. Rajakaruna, H., and Ganusov, V.V., (2022). Mathematical modeling to guide experimental design: CD8+ T cell clustering as a case study, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology DOI: 10.1007/s11538-022-01063-x https://trebuchet.public.springernature.app/get_content/cf01f5fb-d947-4ae6-b326-ad400268137c

7. Rajakaruna, H., O’Connor, J.H., Cockburn, I.A. and Ganusov, V.V., (2022). Liver Environment–Imposed Constraints Diversify Movement Strategies of Liver-Localized CD8 T Cells. The Journal of Immunology, 208(5), pp.1292-1304. https://www.jimmunol.org/content/early/2022/02/07/jimmunol.2100842

8. Kelemen, R.K., Rajakaruna, H., Cockburn, I.A. and Ganusov, V.V., (2019). Clustering of activated CD8 T cells around malaria-infected hepatocytes is rapid and is driven by antigen-specific cells. Frontiers in Immunology, 10, p.2153. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31616407/

3. Medical AI, Clinical Decision Support, Diagnostics, and Human Medicine

1. Amugo, I.,., et al. Rajakaruna, H., et al. (2026) An Exploratory Evaluation of GPT-5 in Periodontitis Staging and Grading Using Published Clinical Cases, Research Square, DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8742868/v1 https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09112

3. Rajakaruna, H., et al. (2025) Accurate Measles Rash Detection via Vision Transformer Fine-Tuning, arXiv, DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2005.09112 https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09112

4. Wang, Q.,. Rajakaruna, H., et al. (2025) Evaluating GPT-5 for Melanoma Detection Using Dermoscopic Images. Diagnostics 15.23 (2025): 3052. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15233052 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12691432/

5. Farris, T.,, Rajakaruna, H., et al. (2024) Loss of Mitochondrial Tusc2/Fus1 Triggers a Brain Pro-Inflammatory Microenvironment and Early Spatial Memory Impairment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25.13 (2024): 7406. DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137406 https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/13/7406

6. Senaratna, C.V., Perera, P.K., Arulkumaran, S., Abeysekara, N., Piyumanthi, P., Hamilton, G.S., Rajakaruna, R.S. and Dharmage, S.C. (2023). Association of helminth infestation with childhood asthma: a nested case-control study. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2023.01.004

7. Dyes, G.C.P., Apanaskevich, D.A. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2017) Life cycle of Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides under laboratory conditions. Medical and Veterinary Entomology DOI:10.1111/mve.12238.

8. Jenkins, T.P., Rathnayake, Y, Perera, P.K., Peachey, L.E., Nolan, M.J. Krause L., Rajakaruna, R.S. Cantacessi, C. (2017) Infections by human gastrointestinal helminths are associated with changes in faecal microbiota diversity and composition. PLoS ONE 12(9): doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 0184719

9. Apanaskevich, D., Bandaranayaka, K., Apanaskevich, M. Rajakaruna, R.S. (2016) Redescription of Amblyomma integrum (Acari: Ixodidae) adults and immature stages. Medical and Veterinary Entomology. DOI: 10.1111/mve.12178.

10. Ariyaratne, S., Dilrukshi R.M.P.I., Amerasinghe P.H. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2011) Intra-aural ecdysis of a tick (Dermacentor auratus Supino, 1897). Ceylon Medical Journal. 56: 133-134.

4. Public Health, Epidemiology, Infectious Disease, and Intervention Studies

1. Dissanayake, S., Rathnawardhana, G., Rajakaruna, R.S. & De Silva, W.A.P. (2025). Surveillance of Vector Breeding Sites and Community Engagement Interventions in Dengue Control During High Disease Surge in the Trincomalee District, in Eastern Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science. 54 (4) 2025: 3-12 https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v54i4.8721

2. Uzhachenko, R.V.,.. Rajakaruna, H., et al. (2025) CD8+ T–NK cell crosstalk establishes pre-emptive immunosurveillance to eliminate antigen–escape tumors. Frontiers in Immunology 16 (2025): 1593913. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41058706/

3. Senaratna, C.V., Perera, P.K., Arulkumaran, S., Abeysekara, N., Piyumanthi, P., Hamilton, G.S., Rajakaruna, R.S. and Dharmage, S.C. (2023). Association of helminth infestation with childhood asthma: a nested case-control study. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2023.01.004

4. Rajakaruna, M., Rajakaruna, H. and Rajakaruna, R., (2022). Dynamical regulations on mobility and vaccinations for controlling COVID-19 spread. Scientific Reports, 12(1), pp.1-11. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-07371-5

5. Bandaranayaka, K.O., Kularatne, S.A.M., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J., Abeysundara, U.B., Rajapaksha, R.M.M.A. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2021) Human Otoacariasis in Two Climatically Diverse Districts in Sri Lanka: Seasonality, Risk Factors, and Case Notes. Acta Parasitologica. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-021-00372-w

6. Mashkour, N., Ahasan, S., Barnes, A., Bell, I., Bowater, R., Elliman, J., Flint, M., Hamann, M., Jakob-Hoff, M., R., Jones, K., Orduna, S.K., Loganathan, A.L., Rajakaruna, R., Mark Read, M., Walker, G., Work, T., Wittaker, M., Baverstock, W., Blyde, D., Crespo-Picazo, J.L., Eghbali, M., Freggi, D., Gardner, B., Giliam, J., Hale, H., Hyland, K.P., March, D., Mobaraki, A., Mohammadi, M., Nicolle, N., Owens, L., Parga, M., Robinson, D., Saladin, C., Spiby, K., Hipolito, T.V., Wrobel, D., Young, E. and Ariel, A. (2020) Disease Risk Analysis in sea turtles: A baseline study to inform conservation efforts. PLosOne. DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.10.985432

7. Sepalage, C.S. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2020) Gastrointestinal helminth and protozoan infections of wild mammals in four major national parks in Sri Lanka. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 12: 17093–17104. 10.11609/jott.5160.12.15.17093-17104

8. Sepalage, C.S., Perera, P.K. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2020) Enteric helminthiasis in dogs of University of Peradeniya premises: a potential public health problem. Ceylon Journal of Science 49: 29-36 DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v49i1.7703.

9. Kelemen, R.K., Rajakaruna, H., Cockburn, I.A. and Ganusov, V.V., (2019). Clustering of activated CD8 T cells around malaria-infected hepatocytes is rapid and is driven by antigen-specific cells. Frontiers in Immunology, 10, p.2153. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31616407/

10. Jenkins, T.P., Rathnayake, Y, Perera, P.K., Peachey, L.E., Nolan, M.J. Krause L., Rajakaruna, R.S. Cantacessi, C. (2017) Infections by human gastrointestinal helminths are associated with changes in faecal microbiota diversity and composition. PLoS ONE 12(9): doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 0184719

11. Ariyaratne, S., Apanaskevich, D., Amerasinghe, P.H. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2016) Diversity and distribution of tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) associated with human otoacariasis and socio-ecological risk factors of tick infestations in Sri Lanka. Experimental and Applied Acarology. DOI 10.1007/s10493-016-0056-z

12. Schousboe, M.L., Ranjitkar, S., Rajakaruna, R.S., Amerasinghe, P.H., Morales, F., Ord, R., Pearce, R., Leslie, T., Rowland, M., Gadalla, N., Konradsen, F., Bygbjerg, I.C., Roper, C. and Alifrangis, M. (2015) Multiple origins of mutations in the mdr1 gene -a putative marker of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium vivax. PloS Neglected Tropical Diseases. DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004196

13. Schousboe, M.L., Ranjitkar, S., Rajakaruna, R.S., Amerasinghe, P.H., Konradsen, F., Morales, F., Ord, R., Pearce, R., Leslie, T., Rowland, M., Gadalla, N., Bygbjerg, I.C., Alifrangis, M. and Roper, C. (2014) Global and local genetic diversity of two polymorphic loci in Plasmodium vivax parasites from Asia, Africa and the Americas. Malaria Journal.13:392. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-392. PMID: 25277367; PMCID: PMC4200131.

14. Schousboe, M.L., Rajakaruna, R.S., Amerasinghe, P.H., Konradsen, F., Ord, R., Pearce, R., Bygbjerg, I.C., Roper, C. and Alifrangis, M. (2011) Analysis of polymorphism in the merozoite surface protein-3α gene and two microsatellite loci in Sri Lankan Plasmodium vivax: Evidence of population sub-structure in Sri Lanka. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 85: 994-1001.

15. Zhang, J.J., Senaratne, T.N., Daniels, R., Valim C., Alifrangis, M., Amerasinghe, P. Konradsen, F., Rajakaruna, R. Wirth, D.F., and Karunaweera, N.D. (2011) Distribution pattern of Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine transporter (pfcrt) gene haplotypes in Sri Lanka 1996 - 2006. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 85(5) 811-814.

16. Gunawardena, S., Karunaweera, N.D., Ferreira, M.U., Phone-Kyaw, M., Pollack, R.J, Alifrangis, M., Rajakaruna, R.S., Konradsen, F. Amerasinghe, P.H., Schousboe, M.L., Galappaththy, G.N.L., Abeyasinghe, R.R., Hartl, D.L. and Wirth, D.F. (2010) Geographic structure of Plasmodium vivax: Microsatellite analysis of parasite populations from Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Ethiopia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 82: 235-242.

17. Rajakaruna, R.S., Alifrangis, M., Amerasinghe, P.H. and Konradsen, F. (2010) Pre-elimination stage of malaria in Sri Lanka: assessing the level of hidden parasites in the population. Malaria Journal. 9:25 doi:10.186/1475-2875-9-25.

18. Rajakaruna, R.S., Amerasinghe, P.H., Galappaththy, G.N.L., Konradsen, F., Breit, O.J.T., Alifrangis, M. (2008) Current status of malaria and anti-malarial drug resistance in Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Science) 37: 15-22.

19. Schousboe, M.L., Rajakaruna, R.S., Salanti, A., Hapuarachchi, H.C., Galappaththy, G.N.L., Bygbjerg, I.C., Amerasinghe, P.H., Konradsen, F. and Alifrangis, M. (2007) Island-wide differences in single nucleotide polymorphisms of the P. vivax dihydrofolate reductase (Pvdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthetase (Pvdhps) genes in Sri Lanka. Malaria Journal.6:28-33. IF=2.248

20. Rajakaruna, R.S., Weerasinghe, M., Alifrangis, M., Amerasinghe, P.H. and Konradsen, F. (2006) Role of private drug vendors in malaria treatment in Sri Lanka. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases. 43: 58-65.

21. Ramasamy, R. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (1997) Association of malaria with inactivation of alpha 1,3-galactosyl transferase in catarrhines. Biochemica Et Biophysica Acta. 1360:241-246. IF=2.411

22. Ramasamy, R., Kanagaratnam, R., Misiura, K., Rebowski, G., Amarakoon (Rajakaruna), R.S. and Stec, W.J. (1996) Anti-sense oligodeoynucleotide phosphorothioates non-specifically inhibit invasion of red blood cells by malaria parasites. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 218:930-933. IF= 2.404.

23. Rajakaruna M, Dissanayake, S., Rajakaruna R.S, et al. and Rajakaruna H. (submitted to RSOS) A Policy-Grade Hybrid Mechanistic--Machine Learning Model Reveals Regional Spatial Pressure Dominates Dengue Transmission in the Colombo Municipal Council, Sri Lanka.

24. Rajakaruna M, Perera, V., et al. Rajakaruna, R.S., (submitted to NTD) Environmental drivers and forecasting of canine anaplasmosis in Sri Lanka: A machine learning approach with lagged climate variables.

5. Veterinary Parasitology, Zoonoses, and One Health

1. Ranahewa, D.K., Dangolla, A., Rajakaruna, R.S., Dewasmika, W.A.P.M. N.U.K. Pathirana, N.U.K., Chandrasekara, B.M.K., & Perera, P.K. (2026). Subclinical Infections of Babesia and Dirofilaria in Dogs Presented to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital: Evidence for a Silent Reservoir of Infection in Sri Lanka. Acta Parasitologica 71:111 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-026-01273-6

2. Perera, V., Eremeeva, M., Dangolla, A., Wijerathna, S., & Rajakaruna, R.S. (2025). Canine Anaplasmosis in the south and south-east Asia: A systematic Review. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies. 65:101349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101349

3. Rajakaruna, R.S., Capps-Ludwig, D., Durden, L.A. & Eremeeva, M.E. (2025). Detection of Rickettsia and Bartonella in fleas and ticks collected from pets at veterinary clinics in Georgia, United States. Journal of Parasitology. 111 (2): 113–122. https://doi.org/10.1645/24-109

4. Sandamali, T. C., Gajavathany, P., Rajeshwaran, M., Rajakaruna, R. S., Jabbar, A., & Perera, P. K. (2025). First report of highly pathogenic Theileria luwenshuni in Sri Lanka: Are Jaffna sheep resistant to theileriosis? Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 60, 101250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101250

5. Amarasinghe, S., Anupama, N.M.T., Rajakaruna, R.S., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. and Perera, P.K. (2024) Effect of soil temperature on canine soil-transmitted nematodes in Kandy District with the first record of hookworm, Ancylostoma tubaeforme from Sri Lanka. Acta Parasitologica. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-024-00829-8

6. De Silva, T., Wijeratne, H.S.U., Perera, P.K., Wijesundara, K., Jayaweera, W.R., Perera, S.V.N. & Rajakaruna, R.S. (2024) Feline urinary bladder worm Capillaria sp. (syn. Pearsonema) in Sri Lanka: A case report. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports. 56:101117 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101117

7. Jayatilaka, P.S., Wijerathna, H.S.U., Fernando, A.D.S. Ginarathne, K.H.M., Naullage, N.G.R.K., Silva, S.N.S., Thananjayan, K., Amarasiri, L.K.H.R.T., Jayasundara, N.P.K., Mallawa, M.R.C.K., Dangolla, A. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2024) Canine vector-borne diseases: island-wide survey of working dogs of the Sri Lanka Air Force, free-roaming, and privately-owned dogs. Scientific Reports14:23355 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71148-1

8. Subhasinghe, J.N., Anupama, N.M. T., Madusanka, K.S., Rajakaruna, R.S. & Perera, P.K. (2024) First report of oriental theileriosis in the intermediate zone, Sri Lanka: Is Theileria orientalis type 7 always apathogenic? Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies & Reports. 55:101115 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101115.

9. Ranatunga, S., Dangolla, A., Bodahewa, A.P., Peiris, K.H.A.T.D., Rajakaruna, R.M.B.K., Senevirathne, R.M.A.N. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2023) First detection and molecular identification of Babesia peroncitoi in pigs in Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science, 52(1), 107–110. DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v52i1.8110

10. Senaratna, C.V., Perera, P.K., Arulkumaran, S., Abeysekara, N., Piyumanthi, P., Hamilton, G.S., Rajakaruna, R.S. and Dharmage, S.C. (2023). Association of helminth infestation with childhood asthma: a nested case-control study. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2023.01.004

11. Thilakarathne, S.S., Wijayawardhane, N., Perera, P.K. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2023) Filariasis in dogs brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Parasitology Research 122, 461–469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-022-07742-x

12. Bandaranayaka, K.O., Dissanyakae, U.I., and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2022) Diversity and Geographic distribution of dog tick species in Sri Lanka and the life cycle of brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus under laboratory conditions. Acta Parasitologica. 10.1007/s11686-022-00622-5

13. De Silva, T.K., Rajakaruna, R.S., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. and Perera, P.K. (2022) First molecular identification of Ancylostoma species in dogs in a rural tea estate community in Sri Lanka and the detection of other zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites. Acta Parasitologica. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-022-00531-7

14. Ranatunga, S., Dangolla, A., Sooriyapathirana, S.S.D. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2022) High asymptomatic cases of babesiosis in dogs and comparison of diagnostic performance of conventional PCR vs blood smears. Acta Parasitologica. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-022-00549-x

15. Bandaranayaka, K.O., Kularatne, S.A.M., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J., Abeysundara, U.B., Rajapaksha, R.M.M.A. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2021) Human Otoacariasis in Two Climatically Diverse Districts in Sri Lanka: Seasonality, Risk Factors, and Case Notes. Acta Parasitologica. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-021-00372-w

16. Diyes, G.C.P., Bandara, K.M.U.J., Rajakaruna, R.S. and Karunaratne, S.H.P.P. (2021) Acaricide resistance in the spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini (Acari: Argasidae) infesting racehorses in Sri Lanka. Journal of the National Science Foundation. 49 (4): 551 - 561 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v49i4.10307

17. Thilakarathne, S.S., Rajakaruna, R.S., Fernando, D., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. and Perera, P.K. (2021) Comparison of gastro-intestinal parasites with zoonotic and anthroponotic potential in two subspecies of toque macaque (Macaca sinica) in Sri Lanka. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports 24: 100558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2021. 100558.

18. Dangolla, A., Wijesundara, D.L.R., Blair, D., Fernando, D.D., Wijesundera, K.K., Chathuranga, W.G.D. de Silva W.A.P.P. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2020) Canine trypanosomosis in Sri Lanka: An emerging problem reported from three distinct geographic locations. Parasitology International. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint. 2020.102129.

19. Sepalage, C.S. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2020) Gastrointestinal helminth and protozoan infections of wild mammals in four major national parks in Sri Lanka. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 12: 17093–17104. 10.11609/jott.5160.12.15.17093-17104

20. Sepalage, C.S., Perera, P.K. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2020) Enteric helminthiasis in dogs of University of Peradeniya premises: a potential public health problem. Ceylon Journal of Science 49: 29-36 DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v49i1.7703.

21. Bandaranayaka, K.O., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2019) Potentially zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites of dogs in Lunugala Tea estate community in Central Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science. 48: 43–50. DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v48i1.7587.

22. Jayatilaka, P.S., Pinnagoda, P.P.H., Gunawardena, P.E., Ginarathne, K.M.H., Silva, I.D., Wijeyawardena, N., Mallawa, M.R.C.K., Karunaratne, T.M.K., Dangolla, A and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2019) Emergence of a thrombocytopenic disorder in a group of working dogs of Sri Lanka Air Force. Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal 65:13-15.

23. Abeysekara, N.N., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2018) Comparative cross-sectional survey on gastrointestinal parasites of captive, semi-captive, and wild Elephants of Sri Lanka. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 10(5): 11583–11594. doi: http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3406.10.5.11583-11594

24. Dyes, G.C.P., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2018) Molecular evidence of Babesia infections in Spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini infesting stabled horses in Nuwara Eliya racecourse: A case study. Ceylon Journal of Science 47(4) 2018: 405-409. DOI: 10.4038/cjs.v47i4.7559

25. Dissanayake, S., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2017) Gastrointestinal parasites of domesticated and feral horses (Equus caballus) in Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science.46: 17-26. DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v46i1.7414.

26. Diyes, P., Karunaratne, N., Silva, S., Karunaratne, I. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2017) Ants as potential biological control agents of spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini (Dugès) associated with horse otoacariasis in Sri Lanka. Acarologia 57: 747-753 DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/ 20174200.

27. Dyes, G.C.P., Apanaskevich, D.A. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2017) Life cycle of Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides under laboratory conditions. Medical and Veterinary Entomology DOI:10.1111/mve.12238.

28. Jenkins, T.P., Rathnayake, Y, Perera, P.K., Peachey, L.E., Nolan, M.J. Krause L., Rajakaruna, R.S. Cantacessi, C. (2017) Infections by human gastrointestinal helminths are associated with changes in faecal microbiota diversity and composition. PLoS ONE 12(9): doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 0184719

29. Kobbekaduwa, V, Fillieux, C., Thudugala, A., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2017) First record of tapeworm Moniezia (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) infections in leopards: Coprological survey of gastrointestinal parasites of wild and captive cats in Sri Lanka. Journal of Threatened Taxa 9(3): 9956–9961. doi: http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2926.9.3.9956-9961

30. Apanaskevich, D., Bandaranayaka, K., Apanaskevich, M. Rajakaruna, R.S. (2016) Redescription of Amblyomma integrum (Acari: Ixodidae) adults and immature stages. Medical and Veterinary Entomology. DOI: 10.1111/mve.12178.

31. Ariyaratne, S., Apanaskevich, D., Amerasinghe, P.H. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2016) Diversity and distribution of tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) associated with human otoacariasis and socio-ecological risk factors of tick infestations in Sri Lanka. Experimental and Applied Acarology. DOI 10.1007/s10493-016-0056-z

32. Aviruppola, A.J.M.K., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2016) Prevalence and intensity of gatrointestinal parasites of mammals in Dehiwala National Zoological Gardens of Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science 45(1): 83-96. DOI: 10.4038/cjs.v45i1.7367

33. Dyes, G.C.P. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2016) Life cycle of Spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini (Acari: Argasidae) infesting the racehorses in Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka. Acta Tropica DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.11.026

34. Dyes, G.C.P. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2016) Seasonal dynamics of spinose ear tick Otobius megnini associated with horse otoacariasis in Sri Lanka. Acta Tropica. 159:170-175. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.03.025. Epub 2016 Mar 21. PMID: 27012721.

35. Dyes, G.C.P. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2015) Diversity and distribution of tick species infesting goats with four new host records from Sri Lanka. Journal of the National Science Foundation. 43(3):225-234 DOI: 10.4038/jnsfsr.v43i3.7951

36. Kandasamy, G., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2013) Gastro-intestinal and blood parasites of a free grazing flock of sheep in Kaithady farm in the Jaffna district. Journal of the National Science Foundation. 41:195-201.

37. Mahagedara, P.D. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2013) Parasites of two co-occurring house gecko species, Hemidactylus frenatus and Gehyra mutilata from Central Sri Lanka. Journal of Science 11: 32-38.

38. Perera, P.K., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2013) Gastrointestinal parasites of dogs in Hantana area, Kandy district. Journal of the National Science Foundation 41: 83-93.

39. Bandara, N.W.R.V.N., Rajakaruna, R.S. and Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. (2012) Coccidia infections in goats in the Wet Zone of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal 59:13-18.

40. Sumangali, K., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2012) Urban rodents as potential reservoirs of zoonoses: a parasitic survey in two selected areas in Kandy district. Ceylon Journal of Science. 44: 71-77.

41. Rajakaruna, R.S. and Warnakulasooriya, K.N. (2011) Gastrointestinal parasites in dairy cattle in Kandy district Sri Lanka. Annual Research Journal SLSAJ. 11:92-99.

42. Rajakaruna M, Perera, V., et al. Rajakaruna, R.S. (submitted to NTD) Environmental drivers and forecasting of canine anaplasmosis in Sri Lanka: A machine learning approach with lagged climate variables.

6. Tick Biology, Acarology, Vector Ecology, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens

1. Rajakaruna, R.S., Capps-Ludwig, D., Durden, L.A. & Eremeeva, M.E. (2025). Detection of Rickettsia and Bartonella in fleas and ticks collected from pets at veterinary clinics in Georgia, United States. Journal of Parasitology. 111 (2): 113–122. https://doi.org/10.1645/24-109

2. Samaraweera D.A.C.E. & Rajakaruna, R.S. (2025) Ectoparasites in Domestic Animals of Udunuwara Divisional Secretariat, Central Province, Sri Lanka: First Record of Rabbit and Bird Mites. Ceylon Journal of Science. 54 (4): 3-17: http://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v54i4.8670

3. Bandaranayaka, K.O., Dissanyakae, U.I., and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2022) Diversity and Geographic distribution of dog tick species in Sri Lanka and the life cycle of brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus under laboratory conditions. Acta Parasitologica. 10.1007/s11686-022-00622-5

4. Bandaranayaka, K.O., Dissanayke, U.I. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2021) Experimental aspects of life cycle of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma isaaci on New Zealand white rabbits. Ceylon Journal of Science. 50: 47-56 DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/ cjs.v50i1.7846.

6. Diyes, G.C.P. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2021) Teratological anomalies of an adult Asiatic blue tick, Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Systematic and Applied Acarology. 26: 320–324.

7. Diyes, G.C.P., Bandara, K.M.U.J., Rajakaruna, R.S. and Karunaratne, S.H.P.P. (2021) Acaricide resistance in the spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini (Acari: Argasidae) infesting racehorses in Sri Lanka. Journal of the National Science Foundation. 49 (4): 551 - 561 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v49i4.10307

8. Dyes, G.C.P., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2018) Molecular evidence of Babesia infections in Spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini infesting stabled horses in Nuwara Eliya racecourse: A case study. Ceylon Journal of Science 47(4) 2018: 405-409. DOI: 10.4038/cjs.v47i4.7559

9. Diyes, P., Karunaratne, N., Silva, S., Karunaratne, I. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2017) Ants as potential biological control agents of spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini (Dugès) associated with horse otoacariasis in Sri Lanka. Acarologia 57: 747-753 DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/ 20174200.

10. Dyes, G.C.P., Apanaskevich, D.A. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2017) Life cycle of Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides under laboratory conditions. Medical and Veterinary Entomology DOI:10.1111/mve.12238.

11. Sands, F., Apanaskevich, D., Matthee, S., Horak, I., Harrison, A., Karim, S., Mohammad, M., Mumcuoglu, K., Rajakaruna, R.S., Santos-Silva, M., Kamani, J. and Matthee, C. (2017) Effects of tectonics and large scale climatic changes on the evolutionary history of Hyalomma ticks. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 114: 153–165. 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.002.

12. Apanaskevich, D., Bandaranayaka, K., Apanaskevich, M. Rajakaruna, R.S. (2016) Redescription of Amblyomma integrum (Acari: Ixodidae) adults and immature stages. Medical and Veterinary Entomology. DOI: 10.1111/mve.12178.

13. Ariyaratne, S., Apanaskevich, D., Amerasinghe, P.H. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2016) Diversity and distribution of tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) associated with human otoacariasis and socio-ecological risk factors of tick infestations in Sri Lanka. Experimental and Applied Acarology. DOI 10.1007/s10493-016-0056-z

14. Bandaranayaka, K.O., Apanaskevich, D.A. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2016) Life cycle of Amblyomma integrum under laboratory conditions. Experimental and Applied Acarology http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10493-016-0034-5

15. Bandaranayaka, K.O., Apanaskevich, D.A. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2016) Life cycle of Nosomma monstrosum (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions. Experimental and Applied Acarology. 69(1):97-106. doi: 10.1007/s10493-015-0011-4. Epub 2016 Feb 5. PMID: 26846472.

16. Dyes, G.C.P. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2016) Life cycle of Spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini (Acari: Argasidae) infesting the racehorses in Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka. Acta Tropica DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.11.026

17. Dyes, G.C.P. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2016) Seasonal dynamics of spinose ear tick Otobius megnini associated with horse otoacariasis in Sri Lanka. Acta Tropica. 159:170-175. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.03.025. Epub 2016 Mar 21. PMID: 27012721.

18. Yathramullage, S., Dissanayake, U., Rajakaruna, R.S. and Meegaskumbura, S. (2016) New records of small mammal hosts for four tick species from Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science. 45: 29-37. DOI: 10.4038/cjs.v45i3.7398

19. Diyes, G.C.P., Karunaratne, W.A.I.P., Tomberlin, J.K. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2015) First record of Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae) infesting a spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini, colony in Sri Lanka. Tropical Biomedicine. 32(4): 1–5. PMID: 33557472

20. Dyes, G.C.P. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2015) Diversity and distribution of tick species infesting goats with four new host records from Sri Lanka. Journal of the National Science Foundation. 43(3):225-234 DOI: 10.4038/jnsfsr.v43i3.7951

21. Liyanaarachchi, D.R., Rajakaruna, R.S., Dikkumbura, A.W. and Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. (2015) Ticks infesting wild and domestic animals and humans of Sri Lanka with new host records. Acta Tropica 142:64–70. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.11.001. Epub 2014 Nov 8. PMID: 25445744.

22. Liyanarachchi, D.R., Rajakaruna, R.S. and Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. (2015) Spotted fever group rickettsia in ticks infesting humans, wild and domesticated animals of Sri Lanka: one health approach. Ceylon Journal of Science. 44 (2): 69-76. DOI: 10.4038/cjsbs.v44i2.7351

23. Liyanarachchi, D.R., Rajakaruna, R.S., Dikkumbura, A.W., De Silva, A. and Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. (2015) Ticks (Acarina: Ixodida) infesting five reptile species in Sri Lanka with sixteen new host records. Zootaxa. 3964: 146-148. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3964.1.11. PMID: 26249428.

24. Ariyaratne, S., Dilrukshi R.M.P.I., Amerasinghe P.H. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2011) Intra-aural ecdysis of a tick (Dermacentor auratus Supino, 1897). Ceylon Medical Journal. 56: 133-134.

7. Amphibian Disease Ecology, Ecotoxicology, Agrochemicals, and Host-Parasite Interactions

1. Karunarathna, N., Meegaskumbura, M. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2026) Effect of herbicide MCPA on tadpoles of the common hourglass tree frog Polypedates cruciger under laboratory conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science. (Accepted)

2. Sakunthala, L., Rajakaruna, R.S., Ellepola, G., and Pathirana, N.U.K. (2025) Environmental and human drivers of cercarial emergence in freshwater snails of the Maha Oya River, Sri Lanka. Journal of Parasitic Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-025-01884-2

3. Jeganathan, P. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2021) Testicular oocytes in the common hour-glass tree frog exposed to pesticides. Ceylon Journal of Science. 50(3) 2021: 249-259 DOI: 10.4038/cjs.v50i3.7906

4. Pathirana, N.U.K., Meegaskumbura, M. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2019) Host resistance and tolerance to parasitism: age dependent fitness consequences in common hourglass tree frog Polypedates cruciger exposed to two larval trematodes. Canadian Journal of Zoology.97: 11 https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0126.

5. Pathirana, N.U.K., Meegaskumbura, M. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2019) Infection sequence alters disease severity—Effects of the sequential exposure of two larval trematodes to Polypedates cruciger tadpoles. Ecology and Evolution 1-11. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5180.

6. Pathirana, N.U.K. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2018) Trematode infections in frogs: Do all cercarial morphotypes infect and induce effects on the common hourglass tree frog, Polypedates cruciger? Ceylon Journal of Science. 47: 319-330. DOI: http://doi.org/ 10.4038/cjs.v47i4.7549

7. Ratnayake, Y. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2018) Cocktail effect of Profenophos and Abamectin on tadpoles of Asian Common Toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus). Ceylon Journal of Science 47: 185-194. DOI: 10.4038/cjs.v47i2.7515

8. Jayawardena, U.A., Rohr, J.R., Amerasinghe, P.H. Navaratne, A.N., and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2017) Effects of agrochemicals on disease severity of Acanthostomum burminis infections (Digenea: Trematoda) in the Asian common toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus BMC. Journal of Zoology. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/165795.

9. Jayawardhana, U.A., Rohr, J., Nawaratne, A.N., Amerasinghe, P.H. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2016) Combined effect of Pesticides and trematode infections on amphibian survival, growth and malformations in hourglass tree frog Polypedates cruciger. EcoHealth 13:111-22. doi: 10.1007/s10393-016-1103-2. Epub 2016 Feb 24. PMID: 26911919; PMCID: PMC4852980.

10. Jayawardena, U.A., Navaratne, A., and Amerasinghe, P.H. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2013) Effect of exposure of ultraviolet B radiation on two anuran species Polypedates cruciger and Duttaphrynus melanostictus under empirical conditions. Ceylon Journal of Science 42:45-53.

11. Jayawardena, U.A., Navaratne, A.N., and Amerasinghe, P.H. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2013) Malformations and mortality in the Asian Common Toad induced by exposure to pleurolophocercous cercariae (Trematoda: Cryptogonimidae). Parasitology International 62:246-252.

12. Harishchandra, H.K.S.P., Karunaratne, S.H.P.P. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2011) Effect of mosquito larvicide Abate® on the developmental stages of the Asian common toad, Bufo melanostictus. Ceylon Journal of Science 40: 133-140.

13. Jayawardena, U.A., Navaratne, A.N., Amerasinghe, P.H. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2011) Acute and chronic toxicity of four commonly used agricultural pesticides on the common toad, Bufo melanostictus. Journal of the National Science Foundation. 39(3): 267-276.

14. Jayawardena, U. A., Rajakaruna, R.S., Navaratne, A., and Amerasinghe, P.H. (2010) Trematode induced malformations in amphibians: effect of infection at pre limb bud stage tadpoles of Polypedates cruciger. Journal of the National Science Foundation 38:241-248.

15. Jayawardena, U.A., Rajakaruna, R.S. and Amerasinghe, P.H. (2010) Cercariae of trematodes in three climatic zones in Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Science) 39:95-108.

16. Jayawardena, U.A., Rajakaruna, R.S., Navaratne, A.N., and Amerasinghe, P.H. (2010) Toxicity of pesticides exposure on common hourglass tree frog, Polypedates cruciger. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 12: 641–648.

17. Rajakaruna, R.S., Piyatissa, P.M.J.R., Jayawardena, U. A., Navaratne, A., and Amerasinghe, P.H. (2008) Trematode infection induced malformations in the common hourglass tree frog. Journal of Zoology. 275: 89-95.

18. Rajakaruna, R.S., Samarawickrama, V.A.M.P.K. and Ranawana, K.B. (2007) Amphibian declines and possible etiologies: the case for Sri Lanka. Journal of the National Science Foundation Sri Lanka. 35: 3-8.

8. Marine Conservation, Sea Turtles, Coastal Ecology, and Fisheries

1. Abeywickrama, R.M.P. & Rajakaruna, R.S. (2026) Postwar tourism and coastal development in sea turtle nesting beaches in Sri Lanka. Indian Ocean Turtle Newsletter. In Press

2. Hewapathiranage, S. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2026) Effective Hatchery Management Practices to Enhance Hatching Success and Male Hatchling Output in Sea Turtle Nests Across Sri Lanka. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 21(1):132–145.

3. Abeywickreme, R.M., Ekanayake, E.M.L. & Rajakaruna, R.S. (2025) Impact of long-term fisher awareness programs on sea turtle conservation in Kalpitiya, Sri Lanka. Fisheries Research 292: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2025.107597

4. Mashkour, N., Ahasan, S., Barnes, A., Bell, I., Bowater, R., Elliman, J., Flint, M., Hamann, M., Jakob-Hoff, M., R., Jones, K., Orduna, S.K., Loganathan, A.L., Rajakaruna, R., Mark Read, M., Walker, G., Work, T., Wittaker, M., Baverstock, W., Blyde, D., Crespo-Picazo, J.L., Eghbali, M., Freggi, D., Gardner, B., Giliam, J., Hale, H., Hyland, K.P., March, D., Mobaraki, A., Mohammadi, M., Nicolle, N., Owens, L., Parga, M., Robinson, D., Saladin, C., Spiby, K., Hipolito, T.V., Wrobel, D., Young, E. and Ariel, A. (2020) Disease Risk Analysis in sea turtles: A baseline study to inform conservation efforts. PLosOne. DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.10.985432

5. Rajakaruna, R.S., Pemadasa, M.G.N.M., Elepathage, M. and Abeysundara, S.P. (2020) Fisher perception and practices of sea turtle bycatch in Sri Lanka. Indian Ocean Turtle Newsletter 31: 2-13.

6. Phillott, A., Hewapathiranage, S., and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2018) Unregulated numbers and management practices of sea turtle hatcheries: An on-going concern in Sri Lanka. Indian Ocean Turtle Newsletter. 27: 8-17.

7. Ekanayake, E.M.L., Kapurusinghe, T., Saman, M.M., Rathanakumara, D.S., Samaraweera, P., and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2017) Genetic diversity of the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) population nesting at Kosgoda rookery, Sri Lanka. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 9(6): 10261–10268. doi: http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2797.9.6.10261-10268

8. Ekanayake, E.M.L., Kapurusinghe, T., Saman, M.M., Rathanakumara, D.S., Samaraweera, P., and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2016) Reproductive Output and Morphometrics of Green Turtle, Chelonia mydas Nesting at the Kosgoda Rookery in Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science 45:103-116. DOI: 10.4038/cjs.v45i3.7406

9. Ekanayake, E.M.L., Kapurusinghe, T. Saman M.M., Samaraweera P., Ranawana, K.B. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2013). Paternity of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) clutches laid at Kosgoda, Sri Lanka. Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 8:27-36.

10. Rajakaruna, R.S., Ekanayake E.M.L., Kapurusinghe T., and Ranawana, K.B. (2013) Sea turtle hatcheries in Sri Lanka: Their activities and potential contribution to sea turtle conservation. Indian Ocean Turtle Newsletter. 17: 2-12.

11. Rajakaruna, R.S., Wijetilake, N., E.M.L Ekanayake and Ranawana, K.B. (2012) Tortoiseshell trade in Sri Lanka: Is centuries-old trade now history? Marine Turtle Newsletter. 134:9-11.

12. Ekanayake E.M.L. Rajakaruna, R.S., Kapurusinghe, T., Saman M.M., Samaraweera, P. and Ranawana, K.B. (2010) Nesting behaviour of the green turtles at Kosgoda rookery, Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Science) 39(2): 109-120.

13. Rajakaruna, R.S., Dssanayake, D.M.N.J., Ekanayake, E.M.L. and Ranawana, K.B. (2009) Sea turtle conservation in Sri Lanka: assessment of knowledge, attitude and prevalence of consumptive use of turtle products among coastal community. Indian Ocean Turtle Newsletter 10: 1-13.

9. Ecology, Evolution, Invasion Biology, Biodiversity, and Wildlife Conservation

1. Hewapathiranage, S. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2026) Effective Hatchery Management Practices to Enhance Hatching Success and Male Hatchling Output in Sea Turtle Nests Across Sri Lanka. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 21(1):132–145.

2. Abeywickreme, R.M., Ekanayake, E.M.L. & Rajakaruna, R.S. (2025) Impact of long-term fisher awareness programs on sea turtle conservation in Kalpitiya, Sri Lanka. Fisheries Research 292: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2025.107597

3. Talmy, D., Rajakaruna, H., et al. (2024) Killing the predator: impacts of highest-predator mortality on the global- ocean ecosystem structure. Biogeosciences 21.10 (2024): 2493-2507. https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/2493/2024/bg-21-2493-2024.html

4. Omta, A.W., Heiny, E.A., Rajakaruna, H., Talmy, D. and Follows, M.J., (2022). Trophic model closure influences ecosystem response to enrichment. Ecological Modelling, 475, p.110183. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380022002812

5. Rajakaruna, H., Omta, A.W., Carr, E. and Talmy, D., (2022). Linear scaling between microbial predator and prey densities in the global ocean. Environmental Microbiology. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380022002812

8. Pathirana, N.U.K., Meegaskumbura, M. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2019) Infection sequence alters disease severity—Effects of the sequential exposure of two larval trematodes to Polypedates cruciger tadpoles. Ecology and Evolution 1-11. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5180.

9. Abeysekara, N.N., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2018) Comparative cross-sectional survey on gastrointestinal parasites of captive, semi-captive, and wild Elephants of Sri Lanka. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 10(5): 11583–11594. doi: http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3406.10.5.11583-11594

10. Rajakaruna H., and M. Lewis (2018) Do periodic temperature fluctuations reduce species richness? Insights from calanoid copepods, Journal of Theoretical Ecology 11(1): 39–53 http://www.math.ualberta.ca/~mlewis/Publications%202017/Rajakaruna_Lewis_Theoretical%20Ecology.pdf

11. Bailey, S.A., and H. Rajakaruna (2017) Optimizing methods to estimate zooplankton concentration based on generalized patterns of patchiness inside ballast tanks and ballast water discharges, Journal of Ecology and Evolution 7(22):9689-9698. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29188000/

12. Ekanayake, E.M.L., Kapurusinghe, T., Saman, M.M., Rathanakumara, D.S., Samaraweera, P., and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2017) Genetic diversity of the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) population nesting at Kosgoda rookery, Sri Lanka. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 9(6): 10261–10268. doi: http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2797.9.6.10261-10268

13. Kobbekaduwa, V, Fillieux, C., Thudugala, A., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2017) First record of tapeworm Moniezia (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) infections in leopards: Coprological survey of gastrointestinal parasites of wild and captive cats in Sri Lanka. Journal of Threatened Taxa 9(3): 9956–9961. doi: http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2926.9.3.9956-9961

14. Rajakaruna, H. and M. Lewis (2017) Temperature cycles affect colonization potential of calanoid copepods. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 419: 77–89. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28188733/

15. Sands, F., Apanaskevich, D., Matthee, S., Horak, I., Harrison, A., Karim, S., Mohammad, M., Mumcuoglu, K., Rajakaruna, R.S., Santos-Silva, M., Kamani, J. and Matthee, C. (2017) Effects of tectonics and large scale climatic changes on the evolutionary history of Hyalomma ticks. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 114: 153–165. 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.002.

16. Aviruppola, A.J.M.K., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2016) Prevalence and intensity of gatrointestinal parasites of mammals in Dehiwala National Zoological Gardens of Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science 45(1): 83-96. DOI: 10.4038/cjs.v45i1.7367

17. Ekanayake, E.M.L., Kapurusinghe, T., Saman, M.M., Rathanakumara, D.S., Samaraweera, P., and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2016) Reproductive Output and Morphometrics of Green Turtle, Chelonia mydas Nesting at the Kosgoda Rookery in Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science 45:103-116. DOI: 10.4038/cjs.v45i3.7406

18. Rajakaruna, H., Drake, D.A.R., Chan, F, and S.A Bailey (2016) Optimizing performance of non-parametric species richness estimators under constrained sampling. Journal of Ecology and Evolution, 6: 7311–7322. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28725399/

19. Yathramullage, S., Dissanayake, U., Rajakaruna, R.S. and Meegaskumbura, S. (2016) New records of small mammal hosts for four tick species from Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science. 45: 29-37. DOI: 10.4038/cjs.v45i3.7398

20. Briski, E., Gollasch, S., David, M., Linley, R. D., Casas-Monroy, O., Rajakaruna, H. and S.A., Bailey (2015). Combining ballast water exchange and treatment to maximize prevention of species introductions to freshwater ecosystems. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(16): 9566-9573. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26171811/

21. Dyes, G.C.P. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2015) Diversity and distribution of tick species infesting goats with four new host records from Sri Lanka. Journal of the National Science Foundation. 43(3):225-234 DOI: 10.4038/jnsfsr.v43i3.7951

22. Liyanaarachchi, D.R., Rajakaruna, R.S., Dikkumbura, A.W. and Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. (2015) Ticks infesting wild and domestic animals and humans of Sri Lanka with new host records. Acta Tropica 142:64–70. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.11.001. Epub 2014 Nov 8. PMID: 25445744.

23. Liyanarachchi, D.R., Rajakaruna, R.S. and Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. (2015) Spotted fever group rickettsia in ticks infesting humans, wild and domesticated animals of Sri Lanka: one health approach. Ceylon Journal of Science. 44 (2): 69-76. DOI: 10.4038/cjsbs.v44i2.7351

24. Liyanarachchi, D.R., Rajakaruna, R.S., Dikkumbura, A.W., De Silva, A. and Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. (2015) Ticks (Acarina: Ixodida) infesting five reptile species in Sri Lanka with sixteen new host records. Zootaxa. 3964: 146-148. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3964.1.11. PMID: 26249428.

25. Schousboe, M.L., Ranjitkar, S., Rajakaruna, R.S., Amerasinghe, P.H., Konradsen, F., Morales, F., Ord, R., Pearce, R., Leslie, T., Rowland, M., Gadalla, N., Bygbjerg, I.C., Alifrangis, M. and Roper, C. (2014) Global and local genetic diversity of two polymorphic loci in Plasmodium vivax parasites from Asia, Africa and the Americas. Malaria Journal.13:392. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-392. PMID: 25277367; PMCID: PMC4200131.

27. Gunatilake, B.M.N.S and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2013) Occurrence of acanthocephalans in two cockroach species, Periplaneta americana and Pycnoscelus surinamensis. Journal of Science 11: 26-31.

28. Mahagedara, P.D. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2013) Parasites of two co-occurring house gecko species, Hemidactylus frenatus and Gehyra mutilata from Central Sri Lanka. Journal of Science 11: 32-38.

31. Rajakaruna, R.S., Ekanayake E.M.L., Kapurusinghe T., and Ranawana, K.B. (2013) Sea turtle hatcheries in Sri Lanka: Their activities and potential contribution to sea turtle conservation. Indian Ocean Turtle Newsletter. 17: 2-12.

32. Rajakaruna, H., C. Strasser, and M. Lewis (2012) Identifying non-invasible habitats for marine copepods using temperature-dependent R0, Biological Invasions, 14:633-647. https://www.proquest.com/docview/927008896

33. Schousboe, M.L., Rajakaruna, R.S., Amerasinghe, P.H., Konradsen, F., Ord, R., Pearce, R., Bygbjerg, I.C., Roper, C. and Alifrangis, M. (2011) Analysis of polymorphism in the merozoite surface protein-3α gene and two microsatellite loci in Sri Lankan Plasmodium vivax: Evidence of population sub-structure in Sri Lanka. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 85: 994-1001.

34. Ekanayake E.M.L. Rajakaruna, R.S., Kapurusinghe, T., Saman M.M., Samaraweera, P. and Ranawana, K.B. (2010) Nesting behaviour of the green turtles at Kosgoda rookery, Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Science) 39(2): 109-120.

35. Rajakaruna, R.S., Dssanayake, D.M.N.J., Ekanayake, E.M.L. and Ranawana, K.B. (2009) Sea turtle conservation in Sri Lanka: assessment of knowledge, attitude and prevalence of consumptive use of turtle products among coastal community. Indian Ocean Turtle Newsletter 10: 1-13.

36. Rajakaruna, R.S. and Brown, J.A. (2006) Effect of diet on kin recognition in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Canadian Journal of Zoology. 84: 1-7. IF=1.1

37. Rajakaruna, R.S., Brown, J.A., Kaukinen, K. and Miller, K.M (2006) MHC and kin recognition in juvenile Atlantic salmon and brook trout. Molecular Ecology 15(14): 4569-4575. IF=4.83

38. Rajakaruna, R.S. and Brown, J.A. (2005) A preliminary study on the effect of social environment on the growth in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Science) 33:77-84.

39. Rajakaruna, R.S., Brown, J.A., Kaukinen, K. and Miller, K.M (2005) Allelic variation in the MHC class II gene in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Science) 33: 1-13.

10. Environmental Pollution, Microplastics, Water Quality, and Environmental Health

1. Nawarathna, M.K.R.A.W.S.N. Rathnasuriya, M.I.G. Kapukotuwa, G.K. & Rajakaruna, R.S. (2026) Microplastics contamination in Indian backwater oysters (Magallana bilineata) in the Panadura Estuary, Sri Lanka. International Journal of Environmental Issues. In Press

2. Kapukotuwa, R.W.M.G.K., Abeysekara, C.L. Weerakoon, K.C., and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2025). Faecal indicator bacteria and microbial source tracking using host-specific Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium endpoint-PCR assays of a major drinking water supplying river in Sri Lanka. Journal of the National Science Foundation, Sri Lanka (4): 319 – 334 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v53i4.12573

3. Kapukotuwa, R.W.M.G.K., Jayasena, N., Abeysekara, C.L. Weerakoon, K.C., & Rajakaruna, R.S. (2025). Microplastic Pollution of Stream Water and Sediment in a Tributary of a Major Drinking Water Supplying River in Sri Lanka. American Chemical Society ES&T Water, 5(5)https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00936

4. Sakunthala, L., Rajakaruna, R.S., Ellepola, G., and Pathirana, N.U.K. (2025) Environmental and human drivers of cercarial emergence in freshwater snails of the Maha Oya River, Sri Lanka. Journal of Parasitic Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-025-01884-2

5. Thathsarani, A.A.D.N., Rajakaruna, R.S., & Jayawardena, U.A. (2025). Ecological Impacts of Microplastics in Coastal Environment. Sri Lankan Journal of Biology, 10 (2): 19-32 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4038/sljb.v10i2.213

6. Thathsarani, A.A.D.N., Rajakaruna, R.S., & Jayawardena, U.A. (2025). Microplastic Bioaccumulation in Corbicula sp. and Water: Allometric Relationships and Spatial Variability in Selected Areas of Batticaloa Lagoon and Negombo Lagoon, Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Journal of Aquatic Science 30(2): 113-125 http://doi.org/10.4038/sljas.v30i2.7626

7. Kapukotuwa, R.W.M.G.K., Weerakoon, K.C., Abeysekara, C.L. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2023) Anthropogenic activities of the proximate community along Rawan oya tributary of Mahaweli river in Kandy District, Sri Lanka. International Journal of Water. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.2c00432.

8. Thathsarani, N., Jayawardena, U.A., and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2023) Microplastic pollution in the Indian Ocean: Passageways and the contamination of the open ocean and its marine environment. Toxicology Advances 5(2):9. https://doi.org/10.53388/TA20.

9. Kapukotuwa, R.W.M.G.K., Jayasena, N., Abeysekara, C.L., Weerakoon, K.C. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2022) High levels of microplastics in commercial salt and industrial salterns in Sri Lanka. Marine Pollution Bulletin 174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul. 2021.113239

10. Casas-Monroy, O., Rajakaruna, H. and S.A., Bailey (2020) Improving estimation of phytoplankton abundance and distribution in ballast water discharges, Journal of Applied Phycology. 32, 1185–1199. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-019-02034-x https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10811-019-02034-x

11. Mashkour, N., Ahasan, S., Barnes, A., Bell, I., Bowater, R., Elliman, J., Flint, M., Hamann, M., Jakob-Hoff, M., R., Jones, K., Orduna, S.K., Loganathan, A.L., Rajakaruna, R., Mark Read, M., Walker, G., Work, T., Wittaker, M., Baverstock, W., Blyde, D., Crespo-Picazo, J.L., Eghbali, M., Freggi, D., Gardner, B., Giliam, J., Hale, H., Hyland, K.P., March, D., Mobaraki, A., Mohammadi, M., Nicolle, N., Owens, L., Parga, M., Robinson, D., Saladin, C., Spiby, K., Hipolito, T.V., Wrobel, D., Young, E. and Ariel, A. (2020) Disease Risk Analysis in sea turtles: A baseline study to inform conservation efforts. PLosOne. DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.10.985432

12. Kydd, J., Rajakaruna, H., Briski, E., and S.A. Bailey (2018) Examination of a high resolution laser optical plankton counter and FlowCAM® for measuring plankton concentration and size, Journal of Sea Research –Special Issue on Ballast water. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385110116302131

13. Rajakaruna, H., VandenByllaardt, J., Kydd J., and S.A Bailey (2018) Modeling distribution of colonial (clustering) species to improve estimates of plankton density, Journal of Sea Research–Special Issue on Ballast water. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Modeling-the-distribution-of-colonial-species-to-of-Rajakaruna-VandenByllaardt/d1a742651ae6b6d716d2573178d24db534dc2aed

14. Bailey, S.A., and H. Rajakaruna (2017) Optimizing methods to estimate zooplankton concentration based on generalized patterns of patchiness inside ballast tanks and ballast water discharges, Journal of Ecology and Evolution 7(22):9689-9698. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29188000/

15. Briski, E., Gollasch, S., David, M., Linley, R. D., Casas-Monroy, O., Rajakaruna, H. and S.A., Bailey (2015). Combining ballast water exchange and treatment to maximize prevention of species introductions to freshwater ecosystems. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(16): 9566-9573. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26171811/

16. Perera, V., Rajakaruna, H. et al. (submitted to NTD) Environmental drivers and forecasting of canine anaplasmosis in Sri Lanka: A machine learning approach with lagged climate variables.

11. Fisheries, Plankton, Ballast Water, and Aquatic Biosecurity

1. Casas-Monroy, O., Rajakaruna, H. and S.A., Bailey (2020) Improving estimation of phytoplankton abundance and distribution in ballast water discharges, Journal of Applied Phycology. 32, 1185–1199. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-019-02034-x https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10811-019-02034-x

2. Kydd, J., Rajakaruna, H., Briski, E., and S.A. Bailey (2018) Examination of a high resolution laser optical plankton counter and FlowCAM® for measuring plankton concentration and size, Journal of Sea Research –Special Issue on Ballast water. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385110116302131

3. Rajakaruna H., and M. Lewis (2018) Do periodic temperature fluctuations reduce species richness? Insights from calanoid copepods, Journal of Theoretical Ecology 11(1): 39–53 http://www.math.ualberta.ca/~mlewis/Publications%202017/Rajakaruna_Lewis_Theoretical%20Ecology.pdf

4. Rajakaruna, H., VandenByllaardt, J., Kydd J., and S.A Bailey (2018) Modeling distribution of colonial (clustering) species to improve estimates of plankton density, Journal of Sea Research–Special Issue on Ballast water. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Modeling-the-distribution-of-colonial-species-to-of-Rajakaruna-VandenByllaardt/d1a742651ae6b6d716d2573178d24db534dc2aed

5. Bailey, S.A., and H. Rajakaruna (2017) Optimizing methods to estimate zooplankton concentration based on generalized patterns of patchiness inside ballast tanks and ballast water discharges, Journal of Ecology and Evolution 7(22):9689-9698. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29188000/

6. Rajakaruna, H. and M. Lewis (2017) Temperature cycles affect colonization potential of calanoid copepods. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 419: 77–89. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28188733/

7. Briski, E., Gollasch, S., David, M., Linley, R. D., Casas-Monroy, O., Rajakaruna, H. and S.A., Bailey (2015). Combining ballast water exchange and treatment to maximize prevention of species introductions to freshwater ecosystems. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(16): 9566-9573. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26171811/

8. Rajakaruna, H., C. Strasser, and M. Lewis (2012) Identifying non-invasible habitats for marine copepods using temperature-dependent R0, Biological Invasions, 14:633-647. https://www.proquest.com/docview/927008896

9. Rajakaruna, H., Y. Chen, and P. Snelgrove (2005) Is Retrospective Error a “True” Error? The Mathematical Basis of Adaptive Framework for Virtual Population Analysis, Math. Phys. Fish. Sci., 3: 36–64. http://jsmpfs.org/MPFS-EN/mpfs003-en.htm

12. Molecular Ecology, Genetics, Genomics, and Population Structure

1. Ranatunga, S., Dangolla, A., Bodahewa, A.P., Peiris, K.H.A.T.D., Rajakaruna, R.M.B.K., Senevirathne, R.M.A.N. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2023) First detection and molecular identification of Babesia peroncitoi in pigs in Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science, 52(1), 107–110. DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v52i1.8110

2. De Silva, T.K., Rajakaruna, R.S., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. and Perera, P.K. (2022) First molecular identification of Ancylostoma species in dogs in a rural tea estate community in Sri Lanka and the detection of other zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites. Acta Parasitologica. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-022-00531-7

3. Dyes, G.C.P., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2018) Molecular evidence of Babesia infections in Spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini infesting stabled horses in Nuwara Eliya racecourse: A case study. Ceylon Journal of Science 47(4) 2018: 405-409. DOI: 10.4038/cjs.v47i4.7559

4. Bailey, S.A., and H. Rajakaruna (2017) Optimizing methods to estimate zooplankton concentration based on generalized patterns of patchiness inside ballast tanks and ballast water discharges, Journal of Ecology and Evolution 7(22):9689-9698. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29188000/

5. Ekanayake, E.M.L., Kapurusinghe, T., Saman, M.M., Rathanakumara, D.S., Samaraweera, P., and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2017) Genetic diversity of the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) population nesting at Kosgoda rookery, Sri Lanka. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 9(6): 10261–10268. doi: http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2797.9.6.10261-10268

6. Jayawardena, U.A., Rohr, J.R., Amerasinghe, P.H. Navaratne, A.N., and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2017) Effects of agrochemicals on disease severity of Acanthostomum burminis infections (Digenea: Trematoda) in the Asian common toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus BMC. Journal of Zoology. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/165795.

7. Sands, F., Apanaskevich, D., Matthee, S., Horak, I., Harrison, A., Karim, S., Mohammad, M., Mumcuoglu, K., Rajakaruna, R.S., Santos-Silva, M., Kamani, J. and Matthee, C. (2017) Effects of tectonics and large scale climatic changes on the evolutionary history of Hyalomma ticks. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 114: 153–165. 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.002.

8. Schousboe, M.L., Ranjitkar, S., Rajakaruna, R.S., Amerasinghe, P.H., Morales, F., Ord, R., Pearce, R., Leslie, T., Rowland, M., Gadalla, N., Konradsen, F., Bygbjerg, I.C., Roper, C. and Alifrangis, M. (2015) Multiple origins of mutations in the mdr1 gene -a putative marker of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium vivax. PloS Neglected Tropical Diseases. DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004196

9. Schousboe, M.L., Ranjitkar, S., Rajakaruna, R.S., Amerasinghe, P.H., Konradsen, F., Morales, F., Ord, R., Pearce, R., Leslie, T., Rowland, M., Gadalla, N., Bygbjerg, I.C., Alifrangis, M. and Roper, C. (2014) Global and local genetic diversity of two polymorphic loci in Plasmodium vivax parasites from Asia, Africa and the Americas. Malaria Journal.13:392. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-392. PMID: 25277367; PMCID: PMC4200131.

10. Ekanayake, E.M.L., Kapurusinghe, T. Saman M.M., Samaraweera P., Ranawana, K.B. and Rajakaruna R.S. (2013). Paternity of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) clutches laid at Kosgoda, Sri Lanka. Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 8:27-36.

11. Schousboe, M.L., Rajakaruna, R.S., Amerasinghe, P.H., Konradsen, F., Ord, R., Pearce, R., Bygbjerg, I.C., Roper, C. and Alifrangis, M. (2011) Analysis of polymorphism in the merozoite surface protein-3α gene and two microsatellite loci in Sri Lankan Plasmodium vivax: Evidence of population sub-structure in Sri Lanka. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 85: 994-1001.

12. Zhang, J.J., Senaratne, T.N., Daniels, R., Valim C., Alifrangis, M., Amerasinghe, P. Konradsen, F., Rajakaruna, R. Wirth, D.F., and Karunaweera, N.D. (2011) Distribution pattern of Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine transporter (pfcrt) gene haplotypes in Sri Lanka 1996 - 2006. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 85(5) 811-814.

13. Gunawardena, S., Karunaweera, N.D., Ferreira, M.U., Phone-Kyaw, M., Pollack, R.J, Alifrangis, M., Rajakaruna, R.S., Konradsen, F. Amerasinghe, P.H., Schousboe, M.L., Galappaththy, G.N.L., Abeyasinghe, R.R., Hartl, D.L. and Wirth, D.F. (2010) Geographic structure of Plasmodium vivax: Microsatellite analysis of parasite populations from Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Ethiopia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 82: 235-242.

14. Schousboe, M.L., Rajakaruna, R.S., Salanti, A., Hapuarachchi, H.C., Galappaththy, G.N.L., Bygbjerg, I.C., Amerasinghe, P.H., Konradsen, F. and Alifrangis, M. (2007) Island-wide differences in single nucleotide polymorphisms of the P. vivax dihydrofolate reductase (Pvdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthetase (Pvdhps) genes in Sri Lanka. Malaria Journal.6:28-33. IF=2.248

15. Rajakaruna, R.S., Brown, J.A., Kaukinen, K. and Miller, K.M (2006) MHC and kin recognition in juvenile Atlantic salmon and brook trout. Molecular Ecology 15(14): 4569-4575. IF=4.83

16. Rajakaruna, R.S., Brown, J.A., Kaukinen, K. and Miller, K.M (2005) Allelic variation in the MHC class II gene in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Science) 33: 1-13.

17. Ramasamy, R. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (1997) Association of malaria with inactivation of alpha 1,3-galactosyl transferase in catarrhines. Biochemica Et Biophysica Acta. 1360:241-246. IF=2.411

18. Ramasamy, R., Kanagaratnam, R., Misiura, K., Rebowski, G., Amarakoon (Rajakaruna), R.S. and Stec, W.J. (1996) Anti-sense oligodeoynucleotide phosphorothioates non-specifically inhibit invasion of red blood cells by malaria parasites. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 218:930-933. IF= 2.404.

19. Rajakaruna, M., and Rajakaruna, H. (submitted to PR-E) Material Causality Governs Collective Rupture: Loading Protocol Determines Universality Class in Stochastic Bond Failure -Application to Genes

13. Submitted, Preprint, Accepted, and Book-Chapter Items

1. Abeywickrama, R.M.P. & Rajakaruna, R.S. (2026) Postwar tourism and coastal development in sea turtle nesting beaches in Sri Lanka. Indian Ocean Turtle Newsletter. In Press

3. Karunarathna, N., Meegaskumbura, M. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (2026) Effect of herbicide MCPA on tadpoles of the common hourglass tree frog Polypedates cruciger under laboratory conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science. (Accepted)

4. Nawarathna, M.K.R.A.W.S.N. Rathnasuriya, M.I.G. Kapukotuwa, G.K. & Rajakaruna, R.S. (2026) Microplastics contamination in Indian backwater oysters (Magallana bilineata) in the Panadura Estuary, Sri Lanka. International Journal of Environmental Issues. In Press

5. Thanigaivelan, K.,.. Rajakaruna, H., et al. (2026-Accepted) Advancing Cancer Immunotherapy in Solid Cancers: Strategies for Improving Health Outcomes (2026). Health Disparities in Cancer: Biology and Beyond, Springer-Nature Press -Book Chapter.

6. Rajakaruna, H., et al. (2025) Accurate Measles Rash Detection via Vision Transformer Fine-Tuning, arXiv, DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2005.09112 https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09112

7. Rajakaruna, M., Dissanayake, S., Rajakaruna R.S, et al. and Rajakaruna, H. (submitted to RSOS) A Policy-Grade Hybrid Mechanistic--Machine Learning Model Reveals Regional Spatial Pressure Dominates Dengue Transmission in the Colombo Municipal Council, Sri Lanka.

8. Rajakaruna, M., Perera, V., et al. and Rajakaruna, R.S. (submitted to NTD) Environmental drivers and forecasting of canine anaplasmosis in Sri Lanka: A machine learning approach with lagged climate variables.

9. Rajakaruna, M., and Rajakaruna, H. (submitted to PR-E) Material Causality Governs Collective Rupture: Loading Protocol Determines Universality Class in Stochastic Bond Failure -Application to Genes

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PUBLICATIONS

Section A. Selected Merged Modeling, Mathematical, Statistical, AI/ML, and Computational Publications

Section B. subject area categories

1. Hybrid Mechanistic, Mathematical, Statistical, AI/ML, and Computational Modeling

2. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, Systems Medicine, and Immune Dynamics

3. Medical AI, Clinical Decision Support, Diagnostics, and Human Medicine

4. Public Health, Epidemiology, Infectious Disease, and Intervention Studies

5. Veterinary Parasitology, Zoonoses, and One Health

6. Tick Biology, Acarology, Vector Ecology, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens

7. Amphibian Disease Ecology, Ecotoxicology, Agrochemicals, and Host-Parasite Interactions

8. Marine Conservation, Sea Turtles, Coastal Ecology, and Fisheries

9. Ecology, Evolution, Invasion Biology, Biodiversity, and Wildlife Conservation

10. Environmental Pollution, Microplastics, Water Quality, and Environmental Health

11. Fisheries, Plankton, Ballast Water, and Aquatic Biosecurity

12. Molecular Ecology, Genetics, Genomics, and Population Structure

13. Submitted, Preprint, Accepted, and Book-Chapter Items

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